Ed'è precisely with the figure of admirable sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, leaving my long series of artists that I think are very important for art history. I call it the "sculptor par excellence of the entire Baroque period.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was born in Naples in 1598. He trained at the workshop of his father Pietro Bernini's famous sculpture of the time. The artist's early works are carried out in collaboration with his father for which we find in some works the hand of both artists. There are three works with certain date that are in the first stage of Gian Lorenzo: The Goat Amalthea completed in 1615 that refers to Hellenism of Alexandria, then the Priapus and Flora. Other works that combined with these and built by father and son are the Cherub with the dragon, the satyr with the Fountain and the panther is in the museum in Berlin and the Bacchic Group of the Metropolitan Museum in New York. We also Aldobrandini of the Four Seasons Villa where the beautiful still lifes are due to the hand of Gian Lorenzo. Around 1618 the artist was strongly attracted by the study of emotional expressions and reflections, the result of this study are the Grill on San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, the Child bitten by a fish and the Damned Soul and Blessed Soul. Blessed with Soul artist represents the face of a girl in a trance, while the Damned Soul, probably his self-portrait, evidently refers to the Head of Medusa by Caravaggio. The sculptural group representing
Anchises, Aeneas and his son Ascanio, opens a series of important works in the Galleria Borghese: The David, the Rape of Proserpine, Apollo and Daphne. The David represented in the act of launching the stone, the facial expression, reveals the stress and tension of the gesture. Nell'Apollo and Daphne figures are represented when the nymph Daphne turns into a tree. There is a feeling of movement in space of the figures accentuated by the folds of garments, from the leaves of which appear to be invested by the wind.
Contemporary works of Villa Borghese is the bust of Camilla Barbadori, portraits of Carlo Antonio dal Pozzo, Paul V, Gregory XV and De Montoya Fox dated to 1621-1622.
In 1623 Pope Urban VIII commissioned the Baldacchino of St. Peter that he executed from 1624 to 1633. The canopy is erected over the tomb of Peter and is supported by four twisting columns refer to the columns of the second century AD that the church had received a gift from Constantine and Bernini placed in support of the central niches of the Loggia of the Relics.
The Lodges of the relics were made by the artist immediately after the canopy is between 1633 and 1641 and were used on occasion to show the relics contained within: the Lance of St. Longinus, the head of Sant 'Andrea, the Face and part of the Holy Cross.
Between 1628 and 1647 still made St. Peter's Tomb of Urban VIII, while he executed busts of Scipione Borghese and Costanza Piccolomini Bonarelli.
Also for Urban VIII executed the Fountain of Four Rivers in Piazza di Spagna and the Fontana del Tritone Piazza Barberini in Rome. In 1644 Pope Innocent X Pamphili created for the Fountain of the Four Rivers in Piazza Navona in Rome and soon after its completion also ended the Ecstasy of Santa Teresa in the Cornaro chapel in Santa Maria della Vittoria. The entire chapel is built according to specific devices spectacular: from lodges the dead side of the Cornaro family witness the scene which takes place on the altar of Ecstasy. Other works are executed after the Memorial to Sister Mary Ray, the truth of the Borghese Gallery and even the portrait busts of Innocent X in the Galleria Doria Pamphili and the bust of Francesco I d'Este in the Estense Museum in Modena.
During the pontificate of Alexander VII Chigi, Bernini the area of \u200b\u200bthe apse in San Pietro. Among the very large opening with pilasters pretends clouds, rays and angels, in the middle puts you at the Dove of the Holy Spirit, while the front of the chair is supported by the four great Fathers of the Church. In 1665 he went to France where he executed a bust of Louis XIV, leaving the execution of work for the Chair to his assistants.
Back in Italy built the monument that is at the center of Piazza della Minerva and a chapel of Forgiveness in the Cathedral of Siena with the sculptures of St. Jerome and Mary Magdalene.
In 1667 Pope Alexander VII Chigi success Clement IX Rospigliosi who entrusted him with the installation of the bridge in front of Castel Sant'Angelo. For the bridge Bernini executed two of the ten angels set for balustrades, which were considered too good to be exposed to the weather and then placed in the church of Sant'Andrea delle Frate.
In 1669 he became Pope Clement X Altieri under the pontificate of which are inaugurated the Scala Regia at the foot of which is placed the statue of Constantine, in which the artist depicts the moment when the emperor has the vision of the Cross represented an expression of amazement accentuated by the movement of the horse. In the background is a curtain in the wind than by a sense of spatial depth to the collection. Then performed a few works that give the impression of inwardness and passion: the monument to the Blessed Ludovica Albertoni in S. Francesco a Ripa, the portrait of Fonseca and the Angels in the Chapel of the Sacrament in St. Peter.
The activity of the artist ends under Pope Innocent XI Odescalchi and his last sculpture is the Savior who is at the Chrysler Museum in Norfolk.
0 comments:
Post a Comment